Lighting Setup:
If filming outside for a documentary, directors may choose to just use the natural light to shoot in. The advantage of this is that you do not require any additional lighting equipment, and therefore save on expenses and setup time; however a disadvantage of this method is that daylight is limited and some shots may require additional equipment during the night. If filming an interview for a documentary indoors, a common technique is the 3-point lighting technique, consisting of: a back light, key light, and fill light. A back light placed behind the interviewee highlights their outline, an advantage of this is that it separates the subject clearly from the background; the key light is the main light source which casts light onto the subject's front; and the fill light is a soft light which takes away any unwanted hard shadows created by the primary light, especially on the face. LED lights are a popular choice for the type of lights due to them being more energy efficient than other types such as tungsten. This basic setup is beneficial as it displays the subject's full facial expressions and emotions, the setup and placement of the lights and their stands is also simple, allowing for more portability. Also, if on the move the lights can be powered by batteries.
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